The Andalusian Climate Action Plan (PAAC) was approved by the Government Council through the Decree 234/2021, of October 13, which approves the Andalusian Climate Action Plan. It is the general strategic planning instrument in Andalusia for the fight against climate change. Its mission is to integrate climate change into the regional and local planning, in order to abe aligned with the plans of the Spanish government, the European Green Deal and the Paris Agreement; helping to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals set by the United Nations 2030 Agenda.

The PAAC establishes 6 strategic objectives for 2030, 12 sectoral objectives and more than 137 lines of action distributed in 3 Programs: (I) Mitigation and Energy Transition, (II) Adaptation and (III) Communication/Participation, which will be developed with a view at 2022, 2026 and 2030. The PAAC establishes a conservative budget estimate of approximately €6 billion by 2030.

The deployment of the PAAC through concrete measures will allow the objectives set forth to be achieved. Participation in the NACAO project can report best practices in the field of carbon offsetting that would be included in the operational developments of the Programs for their execution. In subsequent questions, details are included on the PAAC's strategic guidelines that will be reinforced by the participation in the project.

The POR Marche ERDF 2021-2027 intends to contribute to the achievement of Europe 2030 Strategy and the objectives of the European Green Deal.

It includes 3 Strategic Objectives (OP): 1 - A smarter and more competitive region, 2 - A Greener Region, 5 - A Region closer to the citizens, articulated in 12 specific objectives (OS). The numbers are not correlatives because ROP Marche Region has selected only 3 Objectives from the wider list.

For each OP, Marche Region has defined a number of specific objectives (OS).

The Strategic Objective (OP) 2 “Greening, resilient and low carbon emissions Europe” is the one to be impacted by the project, specifically the specific objectives 2.4 - Promote climate change adaptation, disaster risk prevention disaster risk and resilience, taking into account ecosystem-based approaches; and 2.7 Enhance the protection and conservation of nature, biodiversity and green infrastructure and reduce every kind of pollution.

In particular, the project could impact positively the Regional Operational Programme bringing the approach of carbon offsetting through nature-based solutions inside OP 2.4 and 2.7, developing projects that integrate specifically the aim of carbon offsetting through interventions in nature.

The main objective of the instrument, adopted by the Regional Council of the Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship through official Decision of 5 February 2016, is to improve the state of the environment in the Voivodeship, to reduce the negative impact of pollution sources on the environment and to ensure a rational use of the main environmental resources.

Among the long-term goals established until 2025, the following concern NACAO fields of intervention:
- Natural Resources: Protection of biological, landscape and geological diversity of the voivodeship;
- Water Resources and Management: Conducting sustainable water management to achieve and maintain good water status;
- Atmospheric Air: Improvement of air quality in the Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship;
- Geological Resources: Sustainable management of natural resources;
- Forests: Rational use of forest resources;
- Soils: Protection of soils against negative anthropogenic impacts, erosion and adverse climate changes.

The improvements, in as far as the instrument, should have to do with addressing the above objectives doing use of nature-based interventions, which simultaneously will be producing carbon absorption. The project can provide input in this regard and the part of the policy instrument addressing climate change adaptation and mitigation can be more detailed and specific with regard to the role nature-based solutions can play in it.

The programme describes the resources to finance its implementation.

The Operational Programme ERDF/ESF+ Auvergne Rhône Alpes 2021-2027 is part of ERDF, ESF+ and JTF Programme 2021-2027 for the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes Region and the Rhône-Saône and Massif Central territories.

The instrument is structured into the following priorities:
P1: Research, innovation, digitalization, competitiveness and reindustrialisation
P2: Energy transition and environment
P3: Digital Connectivity
P4: Health and Tourism
P5: Territorial approaches
P6: Urban mobility
P7: Massif Central
P8: Rhône - Saône
P9: Training, employment, creation, guidance, health
P10: Just transition
P11: Technical assistance for the implementation of the programme

The project will focus specifically on the Operational Programme ERDF/ESF+ Auvergne Rhône Alpes 2021-2027 (also called ERDF ROP 21-27) which is part of the overall instrument.

NACAO project will specifically address Priority 2 “Energy Transition and Environment” and more concretely Objective 2.4. “Nature Based Solutions”. Nature-Based Solutions, as understood in the instrument, are characterized by two components:
- They contribute directly to an objective other than that of conservation of biodiversity and
- Rely on ecosystems providing key benefits.

In this regard, the programme can support new types of projects addressing carbon storage through interventions in natural resources as there is a specific objective for it in the instrument: it is more practical experience and capacity-building for that that is needed.

The aim of structural policy is to reduce disparities in the development and the prosperity between regions and to ensure the sustainable growth and competitiveness of the European Union and its Member States. The 2021–2027 programming period is bringing significant resources for Finland to achieve its long-term growth and renewal goals.

The program addressed has 6 lines of action:
1) Innovative Finland (ERDF)
2) Carbon neutral Finland (ERDF)
3) More accessible Finland (ERDF)
4) Skilled and Inclusive Finland (ESF +)
5) Finland for social innovation (ESF+)
6) Finland fighting material deficit (ESF+).

Funding comes from 3 complementary funds: the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), the European Social Fund (ESF +) and the Just Transition Fund (JTF).

The Operational Programme addressed is national, its Managing Authority is the Ministry of Employment and Economy. However, the Regional Councils play a significant role in the preparation of the programme and in its implementation, which is very much regional. The Regional Council of Central Finland is an Intermediate Body of the instrument for ERDF funds from it in Central Finland.

Line of action 2 is the one to be impacted by the NACAO project. Total 35 % of ERDF is devoted to climate neutrality.

The overarching long-term state programme "Climate Protection Strategy 2038 of the Free Hanseatic City of Bremen" to achieve climate neutrality in Bremen (approved 2022) is made operational in the form of packages and measures through the working tool Climate Protection Action Plan. This is updated at least annually by all departments as well as with the involvement of the Bremerhaven City Council, the packages and measures in force reviewed, evaluated and further developed.

Currently all measures of the Climate Protection Action Plan are conceptualised. There are quantifiable target numbers to be reached by 2030 and 2038.

One out of 190 current measures is the “creation of green and open spaces”, including an "unsealing and greening programme for public areas (e.g., plazas, schoolyards, parking lots, traffic areas if applicable)", whose overall goal is climate-friendly urban development and the avoidance of land sealing (among others through securing and developing green and open spaces having an impact on the climate).

Another nature-based measure considered is the water management of the wet grasslands surrounding Bremen. First studies have been conducted to explore how an expansion of the characteristic ditch system could contribute to reduce carbon emission from peat soils. Further refinement is necessary, so that in the mid-term the active water management of grasslands can become an effective nature-based climate change mitigation instrument.